Lexicographic entries

βαδιοῦμαι and the Attic future of other verbs in -ίζω
(Phryn. PS 54.9–10, Phryn. PS 97.2–5, Phryn. PS 104.13, Moer. β 37, Moer. λ 22, Philemo [Vindob.] 395.28, [Hdn.] Philet. 230, Orus fr. B 79)

A. Main sources

(1) Phryn. PS 54.9–10: βαδιοῦμαι· ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπελεύσομαι.

On the Atticists’ rejection of ἐλεύσομαι (and related forms), see the entry εἶμι, ἐλεύσομαι.

βαδιοῦμαι (‘I will walk’): Instead of ἀπελεύσομαι (‘I will go away’).

(2) Phryn. PS 97.2–5: ὁλοκαυτεῖν· ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁλοκαυτῶ, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ὁλοκαυτήσω. λέγεται καὶ διὰ τοῦ ι ὁλοκαυτίζω, ἐξ οὗ ὁλοκαυτιῶ ὁ Ἀττικὸς μέλλων, οὗ τὸ ἀπαρέμφατον ὁλοκαυτιεῖν.

ὁλοκαυτεῖν (‘to bring a burnt offering’): From ὁλοκαυτῶ, the future of which [is] ὁλοκαυτήσω (‘I will bring a burnt offering’). ὁλοκαυτίζω, with ι, is also used, and from it [comes] the Attic future ὁλοκαυτιῶ, the infinitive of which is ὁλοκαυτιεῖν.

(3) Phryn. PS 104.13: πολεμιῶ· Ἀττικόν, ἀπὸ τοῦ πολεμίζω.

πολεμιῶ (‘Ι will fight’): Attic [future] from πολεμίζω.

(4) Moer. β 37: βαδιοῦμαι βαδιεῖ βαδιεῖται καὶ τὰ ὅμοια Ἀττικοί. (CV) ἀπελεύσομαι ἀπελεύσῃ ἀπελεύσεται Ἕλληνες. (V)

βαδιεῖ C : βαδιῇ V | ὅμοια Ἀττικοί almost invisible in V | Ἕλληνες is in the margin in V | Text and apparatus by J. Cavarzeran.

Users of Attic [employ] βαδιοῦμαι (‘I will walk’), βαδιεῖ (‘you will walk’), βαδιεῖται (‘s/he will walk’), and the like. Users of Greek [employ] ἀπελεύσομαι (‘I will go away’), ἀπελεύσῃ (‘you will go away’), and ἀπελεύσεται (‘s/he will go away’).

(5) Moer. λ 22: λογιεῖται Ἀττικοί· λογίσεται Ἕλληνες.

Users of Attic [employ] λογιεῖται (‘s/he will calculate’). Users of Greek [employ] λογίσεται.

(6) [Hdn.] Philet. 230: τῶν δὲ διὰ τοῦ -ίζω ῥημάτων τῶν ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς τοὺς μέλλοντας κατὰ περιγραφὴν τοῦ ζ λέγουσιν οἱ Ἀττικοί· οἷον κομίζω κομιῶ, κιθαρίζω κιθαριῶ, λακωνίζω λακωνιῶ. πρόσκειται ‘ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς’ διὰ τὸ πρίζω, κτίζω· ‘διὰ τοῦ -ιζω’ δέ, διὰ τὸ †κατάζω†, πελάζω καὶ †τῶν ὁμοίων†· ταῦτα γὰρ ὁμοίως ἡμῖν προφέρονται. ἀπὸ μέντοι τοῦ δανείζω, οὐκέτι δανειῶ λέγουσιν, οὐδὲ δανειοῦμαι, ἀλλὰ δανείσω καὶ δανείσομαι.

πρόσκειται Alpers (1981, 227), πρόκειται codd., Dain | †κατάζω† cruces inserted by me | †τῶν ὁμοίων† cruces inserted by Alpers (1981, 227) because here one would expect τὰ ὅμοια (cf. translation) | προφέρονται Alpers (1981, 227), προσφέρονται codd., Dain | δανειῶ Alpers (1981, 227), δανείω codd., Dain.

Users of Attic spell the futures of the verbs in -ίζω with more than two syllables by dropping the ζ, as in κομίζω (‘I provide’) κομιῶ (‘I will provide’), κιθαρίζω (‘I play the cithara’) κιθαριῶ (‘I will play the cithara’), and λακωνίζω (‘I act as a Lacedaemonian’) λακωνιῶ (‘I will act as a Lacedaemonian’). [The specification] ‘with more than two syllables’ is added because of [verbs like] πρίζω (‘I saw’) and κτίζω (‘Ι found’), while [the specification] ‘in -ίζω’ [is added] because of †κατάζω†, πελάζω (‘I approach’), and similar [verbs]. For these are inflected in the same way as we [do]. However, from [the present] δανείζω (‘I lend’), they do not say either δανειῶ or δανειοῦμαι, but rather δανείσω (‘I will lend’) and δανείσομαι (‘I will borrow’).

(7) Philemo (Vindob.) 395.28: ὀρθριοῦμαι· οὐκ ὀρθρίσομαι.

Cf. Thom.Mag. 256.1–3: ὀρθριοῦμαι δὲ, οὐκ ὀρθρεύσομαι, ἀλλ’ οὐδ’ ὀρθρισθήσομαι.

[Use] ὀρθριοῦμαι (‘I will lay awake before dawn’), not ὀρθρίσομαι.

B. Other erudite sources

(1) Orus fr. B 79 (= Phot. θ 117, Su. θ 242, ex Σ´´): θεριῶ καὶ κομιῶ καὶ ποριῶ καὶ ὁριῶ καὶ πάντα τὰ εἰς ζω βαρύτονα καὶ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς βραχυνόμενον τὸ ι ἔχοντα, ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι ἄνευ τοῦ σ ἐκφέρουσιν Ἀττικοί· τὰ γοῦν ὁριστικὰ καὶ ἀπαρέμφατα· τὰ δὲ ὑποτακτικὰ οὐδαμῶς· σολοικισμὸς γὰρ τὸ ‘ἐὰν θεριῶ’ καὶ ‘ἐὰν κομιῶ’. ἐφ’ ὧν δὲ τὸ ι ἐκτείνεται, καὶ σὺν τῷ σ ὁ μέλλων λέγεται χρόνος, καὶ ἐκτεινομένης τῆς παρεσχάτης συλλαβῆς, οἷον· δανείζω, δανείσω, οὐκέτι δὲ τὸ δανειῶ, βάρβαρον οὕτως· ὥστε καὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους φασὶν ἀθρόους εἰς ἐκκλησίαν συναθροισθέντας ἐπὶ τῶν διαδόχων, ἐπειδὴ εἰς ἀπορίαν καθειστήκεσαν χρημάτων, ἔπειτά τις αὐτοῖς τῶν πλουσίων ὑπισχνεῖτο ἀργύριον, οὕτω πως λέγων, ὅτι ‘ἐγὼ ὑμῖν δανειῶ’, θορυβεῖν καὶ οὐκ ἀνέχεσθαι λέγοντος διὰ τὸν βαρβαρισμὸν καὶ οὐδὲ λαβεῖν τὸ ἀργύριον ἐθέλειν· ἕως αἰσθανόμενος ὁ μέτοικος ἢ καὶ ὑποβαλόντος αὐτῷ τινος ἔφη· ‘δανείσω ὑμῖν τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον’· τότε δ’ ἐπαινέσαι καὶ λαβεῖν. διὰ τοῦτο βαδίσω καὶ βαδιῶ ἀμφότερα δόκιμα, ἐπεὶ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ἐνεστηκὸς ἑκατέρως λέγεται καὶ ἐκτεινομένου καὶ συστελλομένου τοῦ ἐν τῇ μέσῃ συλλαβῇ ι· οὐκέτι δὲ ἀγορῶ, οὐδὲ κολῶ· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὅλως τῷ ι παραλήγει.

Users of Attic pronounce θεριῶ (‘I will reap’), κομιῶ (‘I will provide’), ποριῶ (‘I will carry’), ὁριῶ (‘I will divide’), and all the barytone [verbs ending] in -ζω [that have] more than two syllables and have a short ι, without σ in the future – that is, the indicative and infinitive forms, by no means the subjunctive. For saying ‘if I will reap’ (ἐὰν θεριῶ) and ‘if I will provide’ (ἐὰν κομιῶ) is a solecism. However, for [verbs in] which the ι is long, the future tense too is spelled with σ, such as δανείζω (‘I lend’), δανείσω (‘I will lend’), and not δανειῶ: [saying it] thus [would be] barbaric. To the point that they also say that, when the Athenians were gathered as a crowd in the assembly at the presence of the diadochi – because the latter had brought them to a shortage of money – when one of the wealthy promised money to them, saying ‘Ι will lend it (δανειῶ) to you’, they made an uproar, would not tolerate him speaking because of the barbarism, and refused to take the money, until a metic, having understood [the mistake] or because someone had pointed it out to him, said ‘I will lend (δανείσω) this money to you’. At that point they applauded him and took it. βαδίσω and βαδιῶ (‘I will walk’) are both reputable [forms] for this reason: the present too is said in two ways, with either a long or a short ι in the middle syllable, but neither ἀγορῶ (from ἀγοράζω ‘I buy’) nor κολῶ (from κολάζω ‘I punish’), for they do not have a ι in the penultimate.

(2) Hdn. Περὶ ῥημάτων GG 3,2.812.5–12 (= Choerob. in Theodos. GG 4,2.206.16–24): εἰ μὲν βαρύνεται ὁ ἐνεργητικὸς μέλλων, τρέπει τὸ ω εἰς τὸ ο ἐν τῷ μέσῳ μέλλοντι, οἷον τύψω τύψομαι [...], εἰ δὲ περισπᾶται ⟦ὁ μέλλων⟧ ὁ ἐνεργητικός, τρέπει τὸ ω εἰς τὴν ου δίφθογγον ἐν τῷ μέσῳ μέλλοντι, οἷον κερῶ κεροῦμαι [...] ἀμέλει οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι λακτιῶ καὶ κουφιῶ καὶ βαδιῶ λέγοντες περισπωμένως τοὺς μέσους τούτων μέλλοντας διὰ τῆς ου διφθόγγου προφέρονται, οἷον λακτιοῦμαι βαδιοῦμαι κουφιοῦμαι.

If the active future is barytone, the ω in the middle future becomes an ο, as in τύψω (‘I will beat’), τύψομαι (‘I will be beaten’) [...]. If the active [future] is perispomenon, the ω in the middle future becomes the diphthong ου, as in κερῶ (‘I will shear’), κεροῦμαι (‘I will be sheared’). [...] And indeed, since the Athenians say λακτιῶ (‘I will kick’), κουφιῶ (‘I will lift’), and βαδιῶ (‘I will walk’) as perispomena, they pronounce the middle of these [verbs] with the diphthong ου, i.e. λακτιοῦμαι (‘I will be kicked’), βαδιοῦμαι (‘I will walk’), and κουφιοῦμαι (‘I will be lifted’).

(3) Choerob. in Theodos. 4,2.289.11–7: οἱ γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐπὶ τῶν διὰ τοῦ ιζω ῥημάτων, τῶν διὰ τοῦ ι γραφομένων τῶν ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβάς, ἔθος ἔχουσιν ἀποβάλλειν τὸ ς κατὰ τὸν μέλλοντα καὶ περισπᾶν, οἷον λακτίζω λακτίσω λακτιῶ, συρίζω συρίσω συριῶ· εἰ ἄρα οὖν τὸ ὑποτακτικὸν ‘ἐὰν λακτίσω’ καὶ ‘ἐὰν συρίσω’ λέγουσιν, καὶ οὐκ ‘ἐὰν λακτιῶ’ καὶ ‘ἐὰν συριῶ’, δηλονότι ἐκ τοῦ ἐλάκτισα καὶ ἐσύρισα ἀορίστου γέγονεν, καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ λακτιῶ καὶ συριῶ μέλλοντος.

For διὰ τοῦ ιζω, read διὰ τοῦ ζω (cf. translation) | Cf. Choerob. in Theodos. GG 4,2.155.18–25; Choerob. Epim. in Ps. 29.2–34; Choerob. Epim. in Ps. 80.4–15.

Indeed, the Athenians, in the case of the verbs in -ζω written with ι and with more than two syllables, habitually drop the σ in the future and pronounce [the verbs] as perispomena, as in λακτίζω (‘I kick’), λακτίσω, and λακτιῶ (‘I will kick’), συρίζω (‘I whistle’), συρίσω, and συριῶ (‘I will whistle’). Thus, if they employ the subjunctive ‘if I kick (λακτίσω)’ and ‘If I whistle (συρίσω)’ – and not ‘if I will kick (λακτιῶ)’ and ‘if I will whistle (συριῶ)’ – clearly [the subjunctive] comes from the aorists ἐλάκτισα (‘I kicked’) and ἐσύρισα (‘I whistled’), and not from the futures λακτιῶ and συριῶ.

(4) Georgius Lacapenus Epistulae 31.23–36: ἴσθι ὅτι παρ’ Ἀττικισταῖς τῶν διὰ τοῦ -ίζω ῥημάτων τῶν ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς τοὺς μέλλοντας κατὰ περιγραφὴν τοῦ ζ λέγουσιν οἱ Ἀττικοί, οἷον· κομίζω, ὁ μέλλων κομιῶ, καὶ οὐ κομίσω. τὸ γὰρ κομίσω κοινόν, ὡς ἐνταῦθα καὶ παρὰ Λιβανίῳ· ‘γράψαι δὲ βουληθεὶς τοῦ κομιοῦντος ἠπόρουν’. λακωνίζω, λακωνιῶ. κιθαρίζω, κιθαριῶ. ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ παθητικῶς μὲν ἐκφερόμενα, ἐνέργειαν δὲ δηλοῦντα, οἷον· ἀγωνίζομαι, ἀγωνιοῦμαι, ὡς καὶ Ἀριστείδης· ‘ἀφικόμεθα μὲν οὐ λόγῳ πρὸς Φίλιππον ἀγωνιούμενοι’. πρόσκειται δὲ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς διὰ τὸ πρίζω καὶ κτίζω. ταῦτα γὰρ ὁμοίως κατὰ τὸν μέλλοντα βαρυτόνως προφέρονται. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ δανείζω δανειῶ οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ δανειοῦμαι, ἀλλὰ δανείσω καὶ δανείσομαι, οὔτε ἀπὸ τοῦ βαδίζω βαδιῶ, ἀλλὰ βαδιοῦμαι ἀττικῶς, ὡς καὶ Ἀριστοφάνης· ‘βαδιοῦμαι δ’ ἄρ’ ἐπὶ τὴν Πνύκα’.

The quotation from Aristophanes is incorrect, as is often the case with Lacapenus. For similar Aristophanic lines that may have influenced his erroneous recollection, see Ar. Eq. 751: χρὴ παρεῖν᾿ εἰς τὴν Πύκνα (‘We need to be on the Pnyx’) and Ar. Ec. 283: τοῖς μὴ παροῦσιν ὀρθρίοις ἐς τὴν Πύκνα κτλ (‘For those who are not on the Pnyx at dawn etc.’). For βαδιοῦμαι in Aristophanes, see Ar. Ra. 179 and Ec. 853.

Be aware that, according to the Atticists, users of Attic pronounce the futures of verbs in -ίζω with more than two syllables by dropping the ζ, as in κομίζω, the future [of which is] κομιῶ – and not κομίσω, for κομίσω is common – as [employed] here (i.e. Georgius Lacapenus Epistulae 31.4 = C.7) and in Libanius (Ep. 1134.2 = C.6): ‘Wanting to write [a letter], I was in need of one who would deliver it (τοῦ κομιοῦντος)’. λακωνίζω (‘I act as a Lacedaemonian’), λακωνιῶ (‘I will act as a Lacedaemonian’), κιθαρίζω (‘I play the cithara’), κιθαριῶ (‘I will play the cithara’). The ones that are inflected as passives but have an active meaning [are pronounced] in the same way, as in ἀγωνίζομαι (‘I fight’), ἀγωνιοῦμαι (‘I will fight’), as in Aristides (10.1 Lenz–Behr = 39.732.1–3 Dindorf = C.5): ‘We have come here not to fight Philip with words’. [The specification] ‘with more than two syllables’ is added because of [verbs like] πρίζω (‘I saw’) and κτίζω (‘Ι found’). For these are pronounced as barytone in the future. But from δανείζω (‘I lend’), [the future] is neither δανειῶ nor δανειοῦμαι, but δανείσω (‘I will lend’) and δανείσομαι (‘I will borrow’). And from βαδίζω (‘I walk’), [the future] is not βαδιῶ, but βαδιοῦμαι, as also Aristophanes (cf. apparatus) [shows]: ‘I will walk up the Pnyx’.

C. Loci classici, other relevant texts

(1) [D.] 35.52: δανειζομένου γὰρ ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ τοῦ ναυκλήρου τοῦ Φασηλίτου ἕτερα χρήματα παρά τινος Χίου ἀνθρώπου, οὐ φάσκοντος δὲ τοῦ Χίου δανείσειν, ἐὰν μὴ ὑποθήκην λάβῃ ἅπαντα ὅσα ἦν περὶ τὸν ναύκληρον, καὶ ἐπιτρέπωσι ταῦτα οἱ πρότερον δεδανεικότες, ἐπέτρεψαν ταῦτα ὑποθήκην γενέσθαι τῷ Χίῳ τὰ ἡμέτερα καὶ κύριον ἐκεῖνον γενέσθαι ἁπάντων.

The Phaselite skipper wanted to borrow a further sum in the Pontus from a Chian man, and because the Chian man said he would not lend it unless he was given as security everything the skipper had on board with the consent of the previous lenders, they agreed that this money of ours should become security for the Chian and gave him control of everything. (Transl. MacDowell 2004, 148, adapted).

(2) LXX De. 15.6: καὶ δανιεῖς ἔθνεσιν πολλοῖς, σὺ δὲ οὐ δανιῇ.

You will even lend to many nations, but you will not borrow. (Transl. M. K. H. Peters in Pietersma, Wright 2009, 158).

(3) LXX Id. 19.9: κατάλυσον ὧδε ἔτι σήμερον, καὶ ἀγαθυνθήτω ἡ καρδία σου, καὶ ὀρθριεῖτε αὔριον εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀπελεύσῃ εἰς τὸ σκήνωμά σου.

Stay here today as well, and let your heart be glad, and tomorrow you shall rise early for your journey and shall depart for your dwelling. (Transl. P. E. Satterthwaite in Pietersma, Wright 2009, 233).

(4) LXX 3Re. 9.8: καὶ ὁ οἶκος οὗτος ὁ ὑψηλός, πᾶς ὁ διαπορευόμενος δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐκστήσεται καὶ συριεῖ καὶ ἐροῦσιν Ἕνεκα τίνος ἐποίησεν κύριος οὕτως τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ καὶ τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ;

And as for this exalted house – everyone who passes by it will be astonished and will hiss, and they will say, ‘Why did the Lord do thus to this land and to this house?’. (Transl. P. D. McLean in Pietersma, Wright 2009, 306).

(5) Aristid. 10.1 Lenz–Behr (= 39.732.1–3 Dindorf): ἀφικόμεθα μὲν οὐ λόγῳ πρὸς Φίλιππον ἀγωνιούμενοι, ἀλλ’ ἔργῳ βοηθήσοντες ὑμῖν τε καὶ τοῖς ὑπολοίποις τῶν Ἑλλήνων πράγμασι.

We have come here not to fight Philip with words, but to bring real assistance to you and to the other affairs of the Greeks.

(6) Lib. Ep. 1134.2: ἐγὼ δὲ ἐξιόντας μὲν οὐκ εἶδον δοῦλος ὢν τῆς ἀνάγκης, ἣν οἶσθα, γράψαι δὲ βουληθεὶς τοῦ κομιοῦντος ἠπόρουν.

I, being a slave to the constraint you know, did not see them leave, and, wanting to write [a letter], was in need of someone to deliver it.

(7) Georgius Lacapenus Epistulae 31.4: εἰ δ’ ἔτ’ οἴκοι μένει πέμψαι παρ’ αὐτὸν τὸν τοὐπίταγμα κομιοῦντα.

If he stays at home, send him the person who will deliver the injunction.

D. General commentary

Several entries by Phrynichus (A.1, A.2, A.3), Moeris (A.4, A.5), the Philetaerus (A.6), Philemo (A.7), and Orus (B.1) illustrate the Atticists’ stance on the ‘Attic’ future of verbs in -ίζω (on this type of future, see Hauri 1975; cf. also Rix 1992, 223–5; Sihler 1995, 556–7; Willi 2018, 441–52; for a more comprehensive treatment of the Atticists’ perspective on the Attic future, see AGP vol. 2, Verbal morphology, forthcoming; cf. also the entries ἀναβιβῶμαι and the Attic future of other verbs in -άζω; ἀλῶ and other Attic futures (ἐλῶ, καλῶ, and ἀναπετῶ), κρεμῶ, κρεμάσω, ὀμοῦμαι, ὀμόσω). In some entries, the discussion (or prescription) of the Attic future overlaps with other observations on e.g. word choice (βαδιοῦμαι vs. ἀπελεύσομαι, cf. A.1, Α.4), disambiguation between homophonesHomophony (ὀλοκαυτήσω vs. ὀλοκαυτίζω, cf. A.2), and syntaxSyntax (the correct construction of ἐάν + aorist subjunctive vs. the future, cf. B.1, B.3).

The verbs in -άζω and -ίζω greatly increased in number in late Attic and Post-classical Greek (cf. AGP vol. 1, 342–6, with further bibliography) and, for this reason, were regarded with suspicion (and in some cases openly criticised) by the Atticists (cf. see AGP vol. 2, Verbal morphology, forthcoming). Nevertheless, for the verbs already widely used in canonical authors (and thus considered reputable) – e.g., βαδίζω (‘to walk, to go’), κομίζω (‘to provide, to bring’), and πορίζω (‘to procure’) – the Atticists underlined that only the contract (‘Attic’) future was acceptable, rejecting the sigmatic form. Interestingly, Phrynichus’ entry (A.2) appears to contain the earliest attestation of the expression Ἀττικὸς μέλλων, ‘Attic future’ (indeed, the plural Ἀττικοὶ μέλλοντες occurs a handful of times in Herodianic works that are, however, considered spurious, i.e. the Epimerismi and the Περὶ αὐθυποτάκτων καὶ ἀνυποτάκτων, On Verbal Stems that Can or Cannot Be Used as the Basis for Subjunctives). The prescription of the ‘Attic’ future for verbs in -ίζω aimed to counteract the post-classical spread of analogical sigmatic futures for these roots (see e.g. A.5, which prescribes λογιεῖται ‘s/he will calculate’ over λογίσεται – the latter sigmatic future being attested only in Post-classical Greek; cf. Hauri 1975, 137).

It is worth noting that Atticist and grammatical sources often promote ‘Attic’ futures not attested in canonical authors: in the case of συρίζω ‘I whistle’, the Attic future presented by B.3 as the one employed by ‘the Athenians’ first occurs in Post-classical Greek (cf. C.4 and Hauri 1975, 122); similarly, for λακτίζω ‘I kick’, the future λακτιῶ is attested solely in grammatical sources (cf. Β.2, Β.3). Occasionally, the prescription of the Attic future also extends to verbs that are exclusively post-classical, such as ὀρθρίζω ‘I lay awake before dawn’ (first attested in the Septuagint). For this verb, Philemo (A.7, followed by Thomas Magister) recommends ὀρθριοῦμαι instead of ὀρθρίσομαι (remarkably, in C.3 the Septuagint employs the Attic future ὀρθριεῖτε, but – earlier in the same book, i.e. LXX Id. 9.33 – the sigmatic future ὀρθρίσεις occurs; cf. Hauri 1975, 141).

A.6 and B.1 (see also, much later, B.4) devote special attention to δανείζω ‘to lend’ (remarkably, B.1 provides a vivid – and seemingly unparalleled – anecdote about the use of the incorrect future of δανείζω in public speech). While its sigmatic future δανείσω first appears in C.1, the ‘Attic’ future δανειῶ is unattested in canonical authors (cf. Hauri 1975, 118). Nevertheless, it appears sporadically in post-classical sources that misquote LXX Dt. 15.6 (C.2), 15.8, and 15.10 as having the form δανειεῖς ‘you will lend’, whereas in the Septuagint one finds δανιεῖς, from δανίζω, a Hellenistic equivalent of δανείζω. In this case, the Atticists’ remark is likely due to the fact that the homophony between δανείζω and its post-classical alternative δανίζω was a source of confusion (cf. Vessella 2018, 177–8), which led non-experts to believe that δανείζω too could have an ‘Attic’ future. The (alleged) coexistence of two alternative present forms in -ίζω and -είζω also underlies Orus’ claim (B.1) that the futures βαδίσω and βαδιῶ are both ‘reputable’ (δόκιμα). Still, both βαδίσω and βαδιῶ are exclusively post-classical: the only future of βαδίζω attested in canonical authors is βαδιοῦμαι (cf. A.1, A.4, B.4).

E. Byzantine and Modern Greek commentary

N/A

F. Commentary on individual texts and occurrences

N/A

Bibliography

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Dobree, P. P. (1822). Photii lexicon e codice Galeano. 2 vols. London.

Hauri, H. W. (1975). Kontrahiertes und sigmatisches Futur. Göttingen.

MacDowell, D. M. (2004). Demosthenes. Speeches 27–38. Austin.

Pietersma, A.; Wright, B. G. (eds.) (2009). A New English Translation of the Septuagint. Oxford.

Rix, H. (1992). Historische Grammatik des Griechischen. Laut- und Formenlehre. Darmstadt.

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CITE THIS

Federica Benuzzi, 'βαδιοῦμαι and the Attic future of other verbs in -ίζω (Phryn. PS 54.9–10, Phryn. PS 97.2–5, Phryn. PS 104.13, Moer. β 37, Moer. λ 22, Philemo [Vindob.] 395.28, [Hdn.] Philet. 230, Orus fr. B 79)', in Olga Tribulato (ed.), Digital Encyclopedia of Atticism. With the assistance of E. N. Merisio.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30687/DEA/2974-8240/2025/02/021

ABSTRACT

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the Attic future of verbs in -ίζω discussed in the lexica Phryn. PS 54.9–10, Phryn. PS 97.2–5, Phryn. PS 104.13, Moer. β 37, Moer. λ 22, Philemo (Vindob.) 395.28, [Hdn.] Philet. 230, and Orus fr. B 79.