βράδιον, βραδύτερον
(Phryn. Ecl. 71, Moer. β 2, [Hdn.] Philet. 18)

A. Main sources

(1) Phryn. Ecl. 71: βράδιον· καὶ τοῦτο Ἡσίοδος μὲν λέγει· ‘βράδιον δὲ Πανελλήνεσσι φαείνει’· Πλάτων δὲ καὶ Θουκυδίδης καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι βραδύτερον.

βράδιον (‘later’): Hesiod (Op. 528 = C.1) also says this: ‘[the sun] shines later for all the Greeks’. But Plato (e.g. Ap. 39b.2 = C.3), Thucydides (e.g. 2.5.2 = C.2), and the approved [authors say] βραδύτερον (‘later’).

(2) Moer. β 2: βραδύτερον Ἀττικοί· βράδιον Ἕλληνες.

Users of Attic [employ] βραδύτερον. Users of Greek [employ] βράδιον.

(3) [Hdn.] Philet. 18: θᾶττον ἐρεῖς, οὐχὶ τάχιον· καὶ βραδύτερον, οὐχὶ βράδιον· καὶ αἴσχιον, οὐχὶ αἰσχρότερον· καὶ κάκιον ὁμοίως.

You will say θᾶττον (‘sooner’), not τάχιον. And βραδύτερον (‘later’), not βράδιον. And αἴσχιον (‘more shamefully’), not αἰσχρότερον. Αnd κάκιον (‘worse’) in the same way.

B. Other erudite sources

(1) [Zonar.] 407.12–4 (= Orus fr. A 22; ~ Lex.Vind. β 24): βραδύτερον λέγουσιν, οὐ βράδιον, ὅτι μὴ Ἡσίοδος μόνος εἴρηκε βράδιον συνεσταλμένως· ‘βράδιον δὲ Πανελλήνεσσι φαείνει’.

They say βραδύτερον, not βράδιον, except for Hesiod alone (Op. 528 = C.1), who used βράδιον in the short form: ‘[the sun] shines later for all the Greeks’.

(2) Thom.Mag. 54.7–11: βραδύτερον, οὐ βράδιον· ποιητικὸν γάρ. καὶ Ἡσίοδος ἐν ἡμέραις· ‘βράδιον δὲ Πανελλήνεσσι φαείνει’. ἐκείνου δὲ μάρτυς Λιβάνιος ἐν ἐπιστολῇ· ‘καί σε εἰ καὶ βραδύτερον, ἀλλὰ καὶ σεμνότερον ὄψομαι’.

[Say] βραδύτερον, not βράδιον, because it is poetic. And Hesiod in the [Works and] Days (Op. 528 = C.1) [says]: ‘[the sun] shines later (βράδιον) for all the Greeks’. Libanius testifies to this in a letter (46.4.3 = C.5): ‘and even though I will see you later (βραδύτερον), [I will see you] as more honourable’.

C. Loci classici, other relevant texts

(1) Hes. Op. 526–8:
οὐ γάρ οἱ ἠέλιος δείκνυ νομὸν ὁρμηθῆναι,
ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ κυανέων ἀνδρῶν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε
στρωφᾶται, βράδιον δὲ Πανελλήνεσσι φαείνει.

The sun does not show it (i.e. to the octopus) a rangeland toward which it can set out but instead roams to the dark men’s people and city, and shines more tardily for all the Greeks. (Transl. Most 2018, 131).

(2) Thuc. 2.5.2: ἀπέχει δὲ ἡ Πλάταια τῶν Θηβῶν σταδίους ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ γενόμενον τῆς νυκτὸς ἐποίησε βραδύτερον αὐτοὺς ἐλθεῖν.

Plataea is about seventy stadia distant from Thebes, and the rain fallen during the night caused them (i.e. the Thebans) to arrive later.

(3) Pl. Ap. 39b.2: καὶ νῦν ἐγὼ μὲν ἅτε βραδὺς ὢν καὶ πρεσβύτης ὑπὸ τοῦ βραδυτέρου ἑάλων, οἱ δ’ ἐμοὶ κατήγοροι ἅτε δεινοὶ καὶ ὀξεῖς ὄντες ὑπὸ τοῦ θάττονος, τῆς κακίας.

And now I, in as much as I’m slow, an old man, am caught by the slower one (i.e. by fate), but my accusers, in as much as they’re cunning and sharp, are caught by the faster one: villainy. (Transl. Emlyn-Jones, Preddy 2017, 185).

(4) Luc. Sol. 7: ‘βράδιον’ δέ τινος εἰπόντος, ‘οὐκ ἔστιν’, ἔφη, ‘ὅμοιον τῷ τάχιον’.

When someone said ‘βράδιον (‘later’, instead of βραδύτερον)’, he said: ‘it is not the same as (i.e. as unacceptable as) τάχιον (‘early’, instead of θᾶττον)’.

(5) Lib. Ep. 46.4: καί σε εἰ καὶ βραδύτερον, ἀλλὰ σεμνότερον ὄψομαι τῶν δρόμων τουτωνὶ τῶν πολλῶν μισθὸν κομιζόμενον εὐφημίας.

And even though I shall see you later, [I shall see you] as more honourable, for you bring acclamations as the reward of these numerous races.